Knowledge and technology can be used to gain business benefits in organizations. In this regard, in addition to using technology in the production of products, technology commercialization to transfer technology to other organizations is considered a practical approach to gaining business benefits. Accordingly, this study aims to identify and prioritize commercialization components in Iran’s Gas and Oil industry to transfer technology to other Industries and organizations since there is high potential to commercialize and transfer technology in this industry. After reviewing the previous literature and interviewing experts using semi-structured questions and the snowball sampling method, 46 attributes are detected and classified as 10 main components. Then, the confirmatory factor analysis method in SMART PLS software confirms the 44 attributes in 10 components. Shannon’s entropy and WASPAS methods are used to weigh and prioritize the extracted components. As a result of this research, the three main priorities of importance in the components of commercialization are identified: the “enterprise capabilities of technology transfer”, “technological capabilities and resources”, and “independent technology commercialization strategies in the Oil and Gas industry

Shell & tube heat exchangers are known as one of the most important devices in Oil, Gas, and energy Industries. Alongside their design, their maintenance would also be of prime importance when they are prone to mineral scale formation. According to the field reports, the mineral scaling can be formed in heat exchangers due to the presence of fluid precursors at different operating conditions as well heat transfer surface conditions. Thus, in-depth knowledge of the best management methods to control scale formation in heat exchangers is indispensable for engineers. In this paper, various methods of controlling mineral scale formation, including removal and inhibition, i. e., conventional physical and chemical methods, and ultrasonic technology have been examined for an industrial case study. Moreover, several statistics from the field reports have been examined to prove that the utilization ultrasonic would clean the exchanger under study. The results show that scale management especially the use of ultrasonic technology would lead to an increase in the efficiency of heat exchangers as well as a significant reduction in operating costs.

Risk of injury or death due to occupational incidents in the Oil and Gas Industries is higher than that of major incidents such as fire or explosion. In 2017, the largest proportion (36%) of fatalities and greatest number of incidents (24%) in the Oil and Gas Industries were categorized as Struck-by. This study was aimed to develop a Bayesian network (BN) model for predicting occupational struck-by incident probability. Nineteen struck-by causal factors were extracted from the literature. Expert knowledge in addition to Dempster-Shafer theory was used to construct a BN. A questionnaire was developed to measure conditional probabilities of causal factors among participants. Struck-by probabilities of different states of causal factors were also estimated. The prior probability of struck-by incident was 3. 09% (approximately 31 per 1000 operational workers per year). Belief updating predicted that preventing workers from being in improper position (in line of fire) would decrease the struck-by incidents by 37%. In contrary, failure of hazard warning (true state) and violation of procedures increased the struck-by probability by 4. 08% (an increase of 32%) and 3. 96% (an increase of 28%), respectively. The proposed BN model predicted that preventing workers from being in improper position (in line of fire) would decrease the struck-by occupational incidents by 37%. This approach was a step toward quantification of risks associated with occupational incidents. It had advantages including graphical representation of causal factors relationships, easily customizing model, and simply introducing of new evidence (belief updating).

Integrated management of water supply and wastewater treatment has an essential role for reduction of cost of supplying water and treating water effluents of industrial process plants. Several approaches have been proposed for optimal design of water networks in Oil, Gas and petrochemical Industries. Each of these methods have their advantages and drawbacks. In the present study, a general and simple method is proposed for integrated design of non-isothermal water networks that consists of two stages: (1) designing of integrated water networks by using the concentration potential method, and (2) applying pinch algorithm to develop the energy network related to the designed water network at the first stage. Also, for verification of the suggested method an industrial case study has been investigated. The results of applying the proposed method on the industrial case study have been compared to those of obtained by heuristic based techniques at 2014. This comparison shows that the non-isothermal water network designed by our method has lower total annual cost with respect to water and energy consumption. The essential merit of the method presented in this study is the development of a general and new algorithm for conceptual design of non-isothermal water networks in petrochemical, Oil and Gas process Industries. The amount of consumed water and the total annual cost in the designed network, based on the proposed method, are 77. 28 (Kg/s) and 7942($/y) respectively, and in the network presented based on the previous method are 87. 28 (Kg/s) and 8427 ($/y) respectively.

In this study, leaming intensity is measured in terms of labor cost savings and productivity growth through experience, as well as the effects of mergers  and acquisitions on technology learning using a learning curve and its effects on the performance of Oil, Gas and products companies. Oil listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange will be evaluated.The novelty of this article is to explain the direct and indirect effects of M&A (mergers  and acquisitions) in technology learning that leads to the learning curve model with the M&A factor in the Oil, Gas and petroleum products It can be seen that traditional learning through experience has not reduced costs by increasing cumulative production in refineries and petrochemical companies. Economies of scale have also failed to reduce operating costs by increasing production at refineries. Learning by research in refining and petrochemical companies has also reduced operating costs by a year, but is less severe. This study also shows that there is no direct effect of mergers and acquisitions on technology learning in the combination of refining and petrochemical companies. In addition, the indirect effects of mergers and acquisitions on technology learning are seen only in petrochemical companies.

Today, due to the increasing demand for energy and the limitations of fossil fuels as energy sources, the need for renewable energy sources is more critical than ever. One-third of the total energy consumed in the society comes from the industrial sector, a significant portion of which is lost due to inefficiencies in waste heat management. Thermal energy is a major contributor to overall energy consumption. To conserve heat energy, various methods, such as phase change materials (PCMs), can be used to store and release thermal energy during phase transitions. To enhance the efficiency of phase change nanocomposites, which offer benefits such as increased heat capacity, improved heat transfer coefficient, and thermal and chemical stability, these materials can be applied in various Industries, including the Oil and Gas sector. This paper investigated different types of thermal energy storage, with a focus on phase change materials in the Oil and Gas industry. Two types of nanoparticles were compared in the melting process of phase change materials under different conditions and the thermal efficiency of the nanoparticles was evaluated

Learning in collaboration projects with universities is one of the common methods in recent decades. Some of these projects have led to learning for Industries, while others have suffered from a lack of learning. Most of the studies that have examined the dimensions and factors affecting the performance of these projects have been done in developed countries. However, considering the different nature of learning in developing countries, this issue needs more attention. This paper addresses two basic issues, namely the factors that affect the learning of companies in collaboration projects with universities in developing countries and the things that Industries in these countries learn from universities. To answer these questions, 9 collaboration projects with universities in Iranian Oil, Gas, and petrochemical Industries were selected, 15 experts active in the industry, academia, and government related to these projects were interviewed, and the data was analyzed by thematic analysis. Twenty five factors affecting learning were classified into 6 groups, the most important of which were collaboration control mechanisms, rules and procedures, university business model, degree of partnership between the parties, fitness of the content of the collaboration to the industry features, trust between the parties, and competence of the university team leader. The results also showed that companies in developing countries usually pursue exploitative learning in collaboration projects with universities. In these countries, mature Industries active in older technologies typically pursue exploitative learning, and new technology-based firms seek explorative learning in collaborations.

Oil, Gas and petrochemical Industries have significant contributions in Iran’s Gross Domestic Product. Foreign currency income from extracting and exporting crude Oil and various uses in petrochemical Industries as raw material play an important role in Iran’s economy. On the other hand, the operations of these Industries include processes which are full of different risks and require huge investments. Therefore, insurance can play an important role as a risk management tool and the possibility of establishing a specialized insurance company for Oil, Gas and petrochemical Industries appears a serious issue. By establishing such a company, the insurance industry will be acquainted with the existing risks in petroleum industry as the petroleum industry will be acquainted with technical and financial capacity of insurance industry. This research considers economic feasibility of establishing a specialized insurance company in Oil, Gas and petrochemicals by using statistical and economic engineering methods. Through statistical methods, data is collected, categorized and analyzed in accordance with codified assumptions. Through economic engineering methods, the feasibility of establishing a specialized insurance company in Oil, Gas and petrochemical Industries is considered using different scenarios and usage of insurance data for the years 2001 to 2010. The results show that establishment of a specialized insurance company in Oil, Gas and petrochemical Industries has an economic justification.